Brake



L. HERSOT BRAKE Filed March 20, 1929 7 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. Lac/51v HE/75Z7T BY 5% (9% ATTORNEY L. H aso'r 2,009,179

BRAKE July. 23, 1935.

Filed March 20, 1929 v 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR. L l/E/E/V //ER5[/7',,

BYW

A TTORNEY July 23, 1935. LQHERSOT BRAKE 7 Filed March 20, 1929 '7 Sheets-Sheet 3 I N VEN TOR. LUE/EN HEREUT ATTORNEY.

1.. HERSOT July 23, 1935.

BRAKE Filed March 20, 1929 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 III/IA v 1/ IL,

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74 INVEM'OR L z/c/E/v HERfiUT BY ATTORNEY L. HERSQT 2,009,179

BRAKE July 23, 1935.

7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed March 20, 1929 IN VEN TOR. LUCIE/V HEREUT ATTOR EY July 23, 1935.

. L. HERSOT BRAKE Filed March .20, 1929 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR. LUZ/EN HER5L77' .BYWQ, 7.

A TTORNEY Patented July 23, 1935 (v r g Y 2,009,179

UNITED STA ES PATENT OFFICE BRAKE Lucien Hersot, Paris, France, mic-nor to Bendix gi'iake Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of no s Application March 20, 1929, sci-in m 348,392 In Belgium April 2, 1 2a 15 Claims. (Cl. 188-48) This invention relates to braking mechanisms a portion of the brake showing a form or applyand more particularly to those of the internal exing means; pending type, although certain arrangements of Figure 2 is a sectionthrough the front brake the invention may be applied to brakes of other drum showing the elements of the brake in elevatypes. tion;

One object of the invention is to provide a de- Figure 3 is a section taken substantially on line vpendable brake which may be easy to'operate and 3-3 of Figure 2'; which incorporates certain details which make F gure 3a s ape pect v ow n f a cam the brake mechanism more practical. employed in Figures 1, 2 and 3;

Another object of the invention is to provide Figure 4 is aslightlymodified form of the brake 10 vmeans for expanding. a friction shoe against its shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3; cooperating drum with a pressure suflicient to Figure 5 is an elevation of a further modified transfer rotating torque of the drum to the shoe form of a brake with the drum removed; and in employing such torque to further apply Figure 6 is substantially a section of Figure 5 the friction shoe. 7 taken on the line 6-6;

A further object of the invention is to provide F gu e 7 S ows a m fi d de a applicable to a means for expanding the friction shoe which the brakes of Figures 5 and 6; means may be readily shiftable in a substantially Figure 8 is a further modified form similar to circumferential direction, without aiiecting the Figure '7;

actuation of the applying means. I Figures 9, 10 and 11 show cross sections of a 20 Another object of the invention is to provide a no form 0! brake Shoe adapted to the brakes novel brake shoe of inexpensive construction and illustrated herein;

in which a worn lining may be readily replaced Figure 12 is a section through the steering with a new one with great facility. knuckle and brake of a vehicle front wheel illus- Another object of the invention is to provide a t atin a n v l a tua n mechanism; brake applying means having provision therein Figure 13 iS Section 011 line of F u for automatically adjusting or taking up for wear 1 in the brake thereby maintaining the brake uni- F gure 1 is & mo fi at on of Figure 12 illus iormly adjusted throughout its life. trating the application of an automatic adjust- 3 Another object of the invention is to provide w t;

applying ans acting at various points along Figure 15 is a further modified form of app the friction shoes so as to provide moreuniform mills adapted w fl ak s f the v distribution of pressure around the brake shoe. hicle front wheel;

A further object of the inventionis to provide Figure 16 is n the m fi a n l u t novel forms of applying means adapted for th the application of the structures of Figures 12 front dirigible wheels of a vehicle. and i to brake 0f h yp 0! Figures 1 t0 The above and other novel features of the in- Figure 17 is a diagrammatic Showing of an vention win appear more fully hereinafter m actuating mechanism for the friction means of the following detailed description when taken in the various brake constructions h connection with the accompanying drawings It Figure 18 is another diagrammatic illustration I v of an actuating means for the various brake conis expressly understood, however that the draw- Sanctions herein showm.

ings are employed for purposes of illustration only a I c and are not designed as a definition of the limits fi figfi i gz zgg gg xgodmcation of Figure peratlng the brakes of of the invention, reference being had for this pur swlveued wheels; p y I c v the appended I Figures 20 and 21 in sections showing modi- In the drawings wherein similar reference fl d details applicable to Figure v characters rel'er'to similar par s hr h the Figures 22 and 23 illustrate novel actuating several views, j v means which may also be employed in the various 0 Figure l is a rear elevation partly in section of brake constructions; v

Figure 24 is a diagrammatic showing of a further novel actuating means adapted for association with a vehicle swivel steering wheel;

Figure 25 is a still further form of brake operating mechanism adapted for a vehicle swivel steering wheel;

Figure 26 is a section on the line 26-26 of Figure 25;

Figure 27 is a modification of a form of brake shown in Figure 5;

Figure 28 is a section taken on the line 26-26 of Figure 27;

Figure 29 is a further variation of applying means for a vehicle steering wheel particularly adapted for use in the structures of vehicles I2 and I4; and

Figure 30 is a modified form of a pivotal connection for a pair of brake shoes.

Referring to the drawings and more particularly to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 3:: there is shown therein one form of brake comprising a backing plate 5 having a Pair of links 3 pivoted thereto carrying the spreadable ends I of the internal expanding friction band I. A lining l, which may be secured to the friction band I in any suitable manner, isadapted to engage a revolving brake drum 2. To maintain the brake band normally in release position a spring 6 is tensioned between spreadable ends I0, together with a spring 4 secured between the center of the friction band and the backing plate.

Set in the backing plate is a cam housing I5 which carries therein a splined or square shaft I3 arranged in a tangential or chordal arrangement adjacent the spreadable ends ll of the internal expanding brake, and freely splined on said shaft is a cam actuator comprising a hub I2 and cam 6 provided with opposed spiral surfaces.

The spiral surfaces of the cam 6 are arranged adjacent to and between the spreadable ends, I0, and preferably engage rollers II mounted on the ends of the friction band. In order to actuate the brake the shaft I3 may extend outside the housing I4 and carry thereon an operating lever I, the extremity of which in the case of a dirigible or swivel vehicle wheel, may be located on the king pin axis of the wheel in a manner hereinafter set forth.

In Figure 4, there is shown a. slightly modified form wherein the friction band is provided with shoulders I5 which are adapted to engage against the exterior of the housing I4 and anchor the friction band thereagainst.

In Figures 5 and 6 there is shown a modified form of brake wherein the friction means comprises a pair of friction shoes I and I pivoted together at one end and secured at their separable ends to pivoted links 3' in the form of bellcranks. By means of springs 4, the friction shoes are held floatingly in engagement with the backing plate 5 and a double spring 6' tensioned between shoes I and I looped around the axle is adapted to normally retain the brake shoes in release position. In a central portion of each of the brake shoes, apertures 2| and 2I 'are provided through which extend anchor pins. I9 and I9 each of which is provided with inclined slopes or ramps and 2III against which One or the other of the brake shoes bear during a brake application. v r

To actuate the brake, a cam 6' carried by the operating lever I8 is adapted to engage rollers II onthe bellcrank levers 3, and spread the friction shoes I and I. In operation, upon spreading the friction shoes into engagement with the brake drum 2, assuming rotation in the direction of the arrow C, shoe I will engage the anchor I9, and due to the slope 20' thereof, the shoe will be forced into engagement with the drum, thereby increasing the engagement pressure, and acting to a certain extent as a servo brake. The anchor slope is not so great, however, as to interfere with free releasing of the brake. I

As shown in Figure 6, wherein the brake of Figure 5 is shown dirigibly or swivelly mounted on a vehicle axle, there is provided an operating lever I journalled in a support fixed to the axle, which actuates a lever I 6 in turn engaging a. lever I'I operatively fixed to the shaft of cam operating lever I8. Preferably the engagement between levers I6 and I1 is restricted substantially to a point in linewith the steering wheel king pin axis.

In lieu of the pivoted connection between the shoes I and I shown in Figure 5, an additional central link or shoe may be provided as shown In Figures 7 and 8. As illustrated in Figure 7 the link 24 is pivotally connected to the adjacent friction shoes as at 25 and 26, and is provided with a central aperture 21 through which an anchor 26 projects.

T'l'ie aperture 21 is preferably provided with inclined or sloped edges 29 and 30 which tend to drive the link or shoe radially outward upon movement in either direction due to braking torque. A return spring 3| normally retains the shoe in release position against a pair of adjustable eccentric stops 32'.

The alternative form of Figure 8 employs a link or shoe 33 notched along its inner periphery as at 34 and 35 so as to engage rollers 36 and 31. Sockets 38 and 39 provided with adjusting screws 40 and 4| are adapted to hold the rollers in place and provide a suitable adjustment for the link or shoe.

As shown in Figures 9, 10 and 11, the friction members of the various modified forms of brakes illustrated may be constructed from a. singlepiece of metal folded and pressed into an arcuate section having a V cross section with laterally extending flanges. In Figure 9, the shoe comprises a V sectioned member I62 having laterally extending flanges I64 and I66 and radially extending flanges I68 and I10. An arcuate face member I12 to which a lining 9 is secured in any suitable manner such as by rivets and the like, is provided along its edges with flanges I14 and I16 having lnturned edges, adapted to engage the radial flanges I68 and I10. The V sectioned member may be stiffened by a suitable longitudinal or arcuate rib I18 as shown. In Figure 10 is shown a similar construction wherein the flanges I and I62 are circular and the face member is provided with corresponding circular or rolled flanges. Figure 11 shows a shoe wherein the free member I84 is flat and is enveloped at'its edges by suitable inturned flanges I86 and "I" on the V shaped member.

In each of these shoes, the face-member may be adapted for removal by sliding circumferentially with respect to the V shaped member, thereby permitting easy removal of worn lining and face member and replacement of a new one. 7 1

A novel actuating mechanism, adapted for dirlgible wheelsis illustrated in Figure 12, wherein an operating lever 40 is adapted to rotate a. cap member 42 within which is located a. pair of opposed inclined ball races 44 and 46 and balls 48. The upper race therein is secured against rotation relative to the cap member and the lower race is fixed against rotation in any suitable manner, and carried above the king pin 50. A coil return spring 52 is adapted to urge the lever normally to release position. Upon rotation of the lever 40' the inclined-ball race 44 is adapted to be displaced from the lower race .thereby raising the cap member and in turn raising the adjustment screw 54 and rotating the crank 58 and brake actuating cam shaft 58 located in the swivelled brake backing plate .80. Since the adjustingscrew preferably contacts the cap member 42 substantially on the swivel axis of the king pin the actuation of the brake becomes substantialiy insensitive to the swivelling of the brake.

A modification of the form of Figure 12 is shown in Figure 14, wherein means are provided within the cap for automatically taking up slack resulting from wear of the parts. Although in the form of Figure 12, larger balls 48 may be to compensate for wear, in' the construction of Figure 14, a pair of threaded members are provided which are adapted to raise the cap member as wear takes place.

As illustrated, a lever I0 adapted to rotate an inclined ball race member I2 relative to a stationary inclined ball race member I4 separated by a pair of balls 18, as in Figure 12, is provided to produce a vertical movement. A cap member "I8 providedwith a slot 80 of a width equal to that of the lever I0 is adapted to actuate a lever arm 82 carried by the brake actuating cam shaft 84. An exteriorly threaded member 88 having a square end shank 88 is set in a corresponding recess in the top of the cap member 18 so as to rotate therewith. Provided in threaded engagement with the member 88 is an interiorly threaded member 90 having a sleeve 92 slidably splined thereabout. A sleeve 94, fixed against rotation and having a slot 98providing a limiting means for the movement of lever I0 is provided with ratchet teeth 98 .on its upper edge which are adapted to engage complementary ratchet'teeth I00 on the lower edge of the splined sleeve 92. A spring I02 located within the cap is adapted to urge the ratchet sleeve 92 into engagement with the fixed sleeve 94.

In operation, rotation of the lever I0 rotates the cap member 18, threaded members 88 and 90, and ratchet sleeve 92. The ratchet teeth 88 and I00 are arranged so that the pitch is slightly less than the movement permitted of lever 10.

so that when 1ever10 rotates through its full are as limited by the slot 98 in the fixed sleeve 94, the ratchet sleeve 82 will skip over one tooth of the stationary ratchet 98, so that upon return or brake release movement, the sleeve 92 and the threaded member 80 splined therewith will be prevented from turning thereby producing relative rotation between the threaded members resulting in an extending movement, which as wear takes place gradually increases the height of the cap member I8. Such an arrangement is adapted, through itssmall increments of adjustment, to maintain the brake constantly in a uniform state or adjustment.

Figure 15 is illustrative of another mechanism for actuating the brake of a swivelled wheel and comprises a link I04 having a wedge cam I05 on the end thereof so as to adapt it to extend within and actuate a brake of the type heretofore described. The link I04 is pivoted at its other end upon a fixed arm I08 secured at the axle knuckle and is adapted to beactuated by a lever I08 also pivoted on the fixed arm and carrying a cam I III in engagement with the link. g

Figure 16 shows. an adaptation of the actuating cam of the type shown in Figure 15 to the modifications of Figures 12 and 14. With a fixed support II2, link 4 having a wedge cam II8,at its extremity, is. provided with a pad II8 so that the vertically movable cap I20 may actuate the brake the same regardless of the swivel position of the brake. v

Figure 29 is a further illustration of a means for obtaining a greater movement of the cap member of Figures 12 and 14 by the use of a separate lever. As shown the cap member I24 is provided with an arm I28 which is adapted to engage the end of an operating lever I28 pivotally mounted on the axle I30. 5

Suitable cams for spreading the ends of the brake shoes are diagrammatically shown in Figures 17 and 18. In Figure 17 the cam shaft I34 carrying the cam member I38 engages the ends of the shoes I38 and I40, and the axis of the cam shaft lies in the plane of the brake shoes. By this arrangement equal action in forward and reverse may be obtained. 1

In Figure 18' the camshaft axis is arranged parallel to the brake axis and the cam member I44 is adapted to engage and spread the shoe ends I48 and I48 upon rotation of the shaft I50. In either Figure 17 or 18, the cam members I88 and I44respe ctively may float in the aperture in the shaft so as to permit equalized pressures on the two shoes.

In Figure 19, the slot in the cam shaft is elongated so as to permitswlvellingof the brake relative to the cam shaft. As shown the pin I52 is maintained in proper position by radial grooves I54 and IE8 in the shoe ends I58 and I80. As in Figure 20, the pin may be square, 82, or round, I33, and provided with a square bearing block84 as in Figure 21.

In order to modify the action of a cam of the pin type illustrated in Figures 17-21, it may be desirable to actuate one shoe end through a lever 88 as shown in Figure 22, or through a pair of pivoted levers 68 and 89 as shown in Figure 23.

As a further modified form of operating means adapted for use in a swivelled wheel, a pair of sector gears as shown in Figure 24 may be provided. Therein a sector gear I92 pivoted on the axle may actuate a pinion I94 pivoted upon the swivel or king pin axis, which in turn may mesh with a sector gear and cam shaft member I98, which as shown has its axis lying in the plane of the brake as suggested in Figure 1'7.

ll'he brake actuating cam may be operated through .an arrangement including universal joints as illustrated in Figures 25 and 26. As shown, the front axle 200 is provided with a longitudinal bore 202 in which is rotatably mounted, in suitable bearings an operating shaft 204. A brake applying cam 208, which may be iournalled in the brake backing plate and swivel therewith, with respect to the axle, is provided with a splined or square recess 208 into which the rounded square end 209 of an intermediate link 2 I0 is slidably inserted. The link 2I0 is provided with a second squared end 2I2 inserted in a til socket 208, so that there may be no looseness or unnecessary movement; thereof. The link 2H) is also provided with a flexible corrugated cover 2 18 adapted to prevent the entry of dirt and foreign matter to the operating spindle.

Referring to Figures 27 and 28 a brake having modified details is shown, comprising a pair of brake shoes 220 and 222, which are pivoted together by means of a pivot pin 224, having an aperture 226 extending axially therethrough. An adjusting pin 228 secured to an eccentric member 230 mounted on the backing plate 232 is adapted to project into the pin aperture 226, and seat in a recess 234 provided in one side of the pivot pin aperture. Spring 236 tends to retain the brake shoes in normal released position and seat the recess 234 upon the adjusting pin during brake release. A squared head 238 together with the lock nut 240 provide means whereby the eccentric may be loosened so that the same can be rotated by the extension 242 within the are limited by stops 2. As a further adjustment the shoe 222 is shown as provided with an eccentric 246 adapted to engage the actuating cam bracket 248 to vary the effective angular length of the shoe. Actuation of the eccentric is facilitated by the provision of a squared end 250, and a backing plate aperture 252, which as shown may be suitably covered with a. plate 254.

The pivot pin of Figure 27 may be rotated through an angle of and perform the function of the central shoe or link illustrated in Figures 7 and 8. As shown in Figure 30, the shoes 256 and 258 are connected by a hollow pivot pin 260 provided with inclined faces adapted to engage a fixed pin 262. Movement of the shoes in either direction tends to thrust them radially outward against the urge of spring 238.

Though several embodiments and modifications of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto but may be embodied in various mechanical forms and arrangements. As various changes in construction and arrangement of parts may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, reference will be had to the appended claims for a definition of the limits of the invention.

The brake shown in Figures 12 to 16 inclusive and Figure 29 of the drawings is also shown and described and is claimed in my prior Patent No. 1,989,194 which was copending as an application with this application.

I claim:-

1. A brake comprising a plate, a floating expansible friction member, a cam movable in a plane normal to the plate for expanding the friction member, an operating shaft therefor, said cam slidably engaging said shaft.

2. A brake comprising a plate, a floating expansible friction member, a cam rotatable in a plane normal to the friction member for expanding the friction member, an operating shaft, said shaft being mounted on the plate, and said cam slidably engaging said shaft.

3. A brake comprising a plate, a floating expansible friction member, a wedge shaped cam engaging the friction member, an operating shaft, said cam having a slidable connection with the shaft arranged parallel to the plate and means preventing relative rotative movement between the cam and shaft.

4. A brake comprising a plate, a floating expending friction member, a wedge for expanding said friction member, said wedge being rotatable in a plane normal to the plate, and means on the plate for rotating the wedge.

5. A brake comprising a plate, an expanding friction member, a wedge rotatable in a plane normal to the plate for expanding the friction member, and means contacting with the friction member for urging the same radially outward when the brake is operated.

6. A brake comprising a plate, expansible friction elements rotatably supported on the plate by links secured to the inner portion of the friction elements, and wedge means for expanding the friction elements supported on the plate adjacent the periphery of the plate and rotatable in a plane normal to the plate.

7. A brake comprising a supporting plate, friction floating members having adjacent end portions, a symmetrical wedge shaped member rotatable in a plane normal to the plate between the end portions to expand the members, said end portions being circumferentially movable, and an operating member for actuating the wedge shaped member supported on the plate adjacent the periphery thereof.

8. A brake comprising a supporting plate, expansible friction members supported by the plate, a wedge for expanding said members equally in opposite directions, said wedge engaging the friction members by a radial movement, said expanding wedge having an operating shaft mounted on the supporting plate adjacent the periphery thereof, said wedge being circumferentially movable with the members, and operating means for the wedge mounted on the plate adjacent the periphcry of the friction members.

9. A brake comprising a plate, a friction element on the plate having alined extensions, thrust members on the extensions and a floating operating member rotatable about an axis parallel to the plate and having an arcuate wedge extending between the thrust members.

10. A brake comprising a plate, a friction element on the plate having separable ends, thrust rollers on the separable ends, a floating operating member rotatable in a plane'normal to the plate between the thrust rollers and means on the plate for actuating the operating member.

11. A brake comprising a plate, a friction element on the plate having separable ends provided with alined extensions, a thrust roller on the ends of each extension, a floating operating member rotatable in a plane normal to the plate tween the thrust rollers and means arranged parallel to the plate for actuating the operating member.

12. A brake comprising a support, a drum floating friction means therein having separable adjacent ends, actuating means including a wedge for spreading the friction means, an anchor means for each direction of rotation mounted on'said support and engaging said friction means, and a short pivoted radial extending link connecting each end of said friction means to said support.

13. A brake comprising a substantially tangentially supported shaft, a wedge-shaped cam splined on said shaft for axial movement, said wedge cam adapted to engage and axially spread apart a pair of adjacent shoes.

14. A brake comprising a support, a drum, floating friction means therefor having separable ends, anchoring means for said friction means adapted for partial self actuation of the brake,

2,009,179 5' radially actuated cam tree to float circumer and a pair of substantially symmetrically arranged bell cranks pivoted to the support, one arm of each of said bell cranks being pivotedto the separable ends, and the other arm of the bell crank engaging the opposite sides of a floating ating mechanism comprising a entially, a pair of bell cranks engaging said cam,

on either side pivoted to a fixed support, and friction means secured to the free ends of said bell cranks.

LUCIEN HERSOT. 

